中考英语同义句转换常考的九种类型

　　1、运用同义词(组)进行转换

　　2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　The teacher always______ _____the children well in the school.

　　答案：looks after

　　解析：take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

　　2、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换

　　即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。如：

　　1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　答案：same as

　　解析：be different from意为“与……不同”;the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。

　　2. I think wealth is less important than health.

　　I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　答案：为don’t，more

　　解析：less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。

　　另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：

　　He lent some money to his friend.

　　He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　答案为borrowed，from

　　解析：borrow…from...意为“向……借……”;lend…to...意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。

　　3、运用不同语态进行转换

　　即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：

　　1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　答案：be given back

　　解析：被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

　　2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　It is widely accepted that computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　答案为are，used

　　解析：computers是复数名词，助动词用are。

　　4、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

　　即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：

　　1. The manager left two hours ago.

　　The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　答案:has been away

　　解析：leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。

　　2. The film began five minutes ago.

　　The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　答案：on for

　　解析：has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for 时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

　　3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　答案：has been in

　　解析：短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。

　　5、运用不同引语进行转换

　　即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：

　　1.“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

　　He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　答案：told，had found

　　解析：此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。

　　2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

　　He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　答案：asked if/ whether, before

　　解析：此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

　　6、简单句与复合句之间的转换

　　即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：

　　1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　答案：because of

　　解析：将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。

　　2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

　　He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　答案：too excited to

　　解析：将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

　　3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　答案：how you can

　　解析：即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

　　4. You should put them back after you use them.

　　You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　答案：after using

　　解析：即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

　　7、并列句与复合句之间的转换

　　即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：

　　1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

　　____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

　　答案为If，don’t

　　解析：if引导条件状语从句。

　　2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.

　　The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

　　答案为who/ that，will give

　　解析：who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。

　　8、运用关联连词连接或合并句子

　　即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

　　1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

　　______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　答案：Neither，nor

　　解析：neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

　　2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　答案：Both，and

　　解析：both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。

　　3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

　　This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

　　答案：not only，but also

　　解析：not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

　　9、运用某些典型句式或结构进行转换

　　这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I 等。如：

　　1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

　　答案：so do

　　解析：句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。

　　2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

　　John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

　　答案：didn’t，until

　　解析：not…until意为“直到……才”。

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