【基本概念】
【区别】
(3)在语法结构上，主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于，主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语，各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。
举例：(主动语态)We use electricity to run machines. 我们用电力来开动机器。(被动语态)Electricity is used to run machines. 电力被我们用来开动机器。
【主动改被动方】
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);
举例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
【被动语态的用法】
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
【被动语态应注意问题】
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years./The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well. /This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to.
①make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
②see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
③The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
①He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
②He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.
【常见考法】
对于语态考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态，然后再确定语态。
※典型例题：-Could you tell me whom the radio_____by? -Sorry. I have no idea.
A. invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented
解析：题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”，发明收音机是过去的事，所以用过去时，排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B。答案：选D。
【小编提醒】
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”，这一点我们必须注意。
※典型例题：The young man was often seen _____by the lake.
A.to draw B .to drawing C.draw D.drew
解析：这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式，在被动语态中要还原to.答案选A。
看了中考英语备考之语态还看：
1.中考英语单项选择动词被动语态类考题汇编
2.中考英语被动语态考点知识解析
3.初中英语语法-时态、语态教学视频1
4.初三英语语法知识点:被动语态
5.高考英语动词时态和语态知识总结
