2022全国乙卷英语试卷及参考答案

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)

英语

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.  回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. ?19.15. B. ?9.18. C. ?9.15.

答案是C。

1. What does the man want to do?

A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.

2. What was George doing last night?

A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.

3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?

A. It's big. B. It's quiet. C. It's new.

4. How does the woman sound?

A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.

5. Where is the man's table?

A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时

间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?

A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.

7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?

A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. It's easy to  hire people.

9. How will they handle the moving?

A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one  department at a time.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?

A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run  a museum.

11. What did Peter do in Chicago?

A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a  gallery.

12. Whose works did Peter like best?

A. Rembrandt's. B. Botticelli's. C. Rubens'.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. Where does the conversation take place?

A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train.

14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?

A. March. B. August. C. October.

15. Why did John quit his part-time job?

A. He had to catch up with his study. B. He was offered a better one. C. He  got tired of it.

16. What is Susan's attitude to John's problem?

A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012?

A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.

18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?

A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth  place.

19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?

A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing  Botswana.

20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

A. His plan to go for the gold.

B. His experience on the track.

C. His love for his home country.

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)

The Exhibition

This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of  Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from  collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work  to be held in over forty years.

Lecture Series

Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for  the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is  free.

Exhibition Times

Monday-Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45

Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.

Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January.

Admission

?4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

Schools and Colleges

A special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in  full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in  organised groups with teachers.

21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English  Contemporaries?

A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.

22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for  admission?

A. ?4. B. ?8. C. ?12. D. ?16.

23. How can full-time students get group discounts?

A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art  schools.

C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.

B

In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.  Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky  Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith  College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to  instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.  Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected  Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a  magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.

Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon,  however, they realized what they had undertaken.

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had  little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke  up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the  schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was  replaced by mud over ice.

In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on  feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A  hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which  entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book  ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.

Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the  stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture  of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun  slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full  moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and  varying hares, which turned white in the winter."

24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?

A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.

C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.

25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?

A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.

C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.

26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?

A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.

C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the  West.

27. What is the text?

A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children's story. D. A diary  entry.

C

Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of  railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros  each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky"  technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and  infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.  They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital  aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks  and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway  safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut  and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of  railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend  approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending  maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail  infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones  assisting the crews' efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing  higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches,  before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for  rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new  concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead  of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with  advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a  co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so  that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work  at high altitudes.

C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable  performance in remote areas.

29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.

30. What function is expected of the rail drones?

A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.

C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.

31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

D

The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money  as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the  policy has shown.

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks  containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce  childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are  consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher  risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ?520m a year for the Treasury.  However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this  amount. At present it is expected to generate ?240m for the year ending in April  2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their  sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks  now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers'  efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks  companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary  drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the  sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit  juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are  small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive  influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports  facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generationto  have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is  playing its part.

32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?

A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.

C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.

33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their  products.

C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products' sugar  content.

34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic  Coke.

35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.

C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are  five ways to sustain(保持)long-distance friendships.

·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally  contact(联系)and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone  calls can be a challenge. 36

·More isn't always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each  of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There  are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice  messages or having a group chat.

·Practise empathy(共情)

38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the  additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new  environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel  abandoned.

· 39

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance  friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,  extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps  track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing  slips by you.

·Don't rely on technology alone

40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more  conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How  to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

A. Remember important dates

B. Compensate by writing letters

C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper

D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication

F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For  them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and  making oneself unable to be seen.

However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at  hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of  their bodies 43 .

For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that  children are hopelessly "egocentric"(自我中心的)creatures. But our 45 research  results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.

We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at  USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then  asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children  replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own  mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her.

A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were  being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and  knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true  57 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 58  mutual(相互的)recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child "hides" by  putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact,  children consider this method 60 when others use it.

41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing

42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick

43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced

44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted

45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired

46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested

47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor

48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears

49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool

50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident

51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once

52. A. speak B. listen C. tum D. wave

53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions

54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored

55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly

56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity

57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose

58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up

59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings

60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named  officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62  festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in  Beijing on Thursday.

The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address)the opening  ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of  tea and the 64 (large)tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work  with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It  can help to build a community with a 66 (share)future for mankind," he said.

The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative"  issued(发布)at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come  together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year  tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the  initiative.

68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a  number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite)twenty-nine  tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of  uninterrupted live broadcasts.

The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony,  opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of  Pu'er Tea.

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节，短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me  people

who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the

combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you  ride

a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon  dioxide

and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our  cities.

They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there  were

traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with  bicycle.

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the  Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：

1.学习活动状况描述：

2.简单评论;

3.你的建议。

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语参考答案

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

1-20答案略

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

21. B 22. B 23. C

24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B

28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D

32. C 33. D 34. D 35. B

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

36.D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F

语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

41.C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53.  C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

61.by 62. the 63. addressed 64. largest 65. responsibility 66. shared 67.  and

68. To strengthen 69. inviting 70. its

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节，短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

71.

1. greatly → great

2. lives → live

3. 在because后加of

4. Whether → If 或Whether → When

5. they → you

6. cause → causing

7. 去掉have后的been

8. what → which

9. were → are

10. bicycle → bicycles

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

72.

【答案】 Learning English Beyond the Classroom

Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an  increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom  in various ways.

It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening  to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.  However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning  websites only account for 18% and 12%.

As far as I’m concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what  benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of  self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing  games. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and  it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.

高考英语前如何快速的学好英语

首先在高考英语前必须学会音标，音标会使考生背单词的速度加快，学会音标高考英语的听力测试也相对简单了不少。然后从语法学好能让考生在高考英语前掌握语感。最后考生学习英语可以灵活多样 ，多方位多角度来学英语，比如说考生可以在高考英语前要经常读报、听广播、看外语电影、听外语讲座、读课本和别人交谈等方式来学英语。

高考英语前的英语学习方法

学习都需要要持之以恒，最忌讳的就是三天打渔两天晒网，那样高考英语是没办法提升的。

高考英语的完形填空以及阅读理解，只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，考生要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在高考英语前做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的!其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的!阅读理解是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量才能够提高。

高考英语最主要的就是语法，首先考生要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦。然后就要多做一些语法专项练习，并在此过程中不断总结，并时时回顾那些了解，那些依然不理解，需要注意的是，那些不理解的一定要花时间弄清楚，否则对自己的不负责将会导致英语语法一知半解的结局，这对于想用高考英语提分的考生来说是十分不利的。

高考英语前学习需要发散式思维记忆，这个方法就是通过一个单词，自己看见这个单词就立马想到其含义，并且能联想到相关短语组合，或者相近意思的单词，并且不断的拓展延伸，这个方法很有意思，很是能够串联、考证考生的词汇量。