08年高考英语复习:运用上下文构词法猜词
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南开中学 段胜利
2.用构词法猜词重要的是记好词干意义
在运用上下文猜测词义的同时,还可以“拆分词汇”,通过构词法的线索来有效猜词。
我们知道,单词从构词法来说,可以有:前缀+词干+后缀,其中词干决定单词的基本词义,前缀可以在基本词义基础上衍生不同词义的单词,而后缀通常表明词性。在猜词中,我们可以利用这方面的知识,对生词加以识别。这其中,最关键的是要多记词干的意义。
例一:Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.
Theunderlinedword"detour"intheparagraphmeans.
A.adrivethroughthetown
B.araceacrossthefields
C.aroundaboutwayoftravelling
D.ajourneyinthemountainarea
答案C。tour=turn,tour漫游;旅行等;这里前缀de=dis=away,说明偏离原道,因此转义绕道,改道,绕道而行。
例二:Towardstheevening,therecomesthegrandfinaleoftheopeningday,anextremelyexcitinghorserace.
Theunderlinedword"finale"intheparagraphmostprobablymeansthe________oftheopeningday.
A.firstpartB.middle
C.lastpartD.whole
答案C。fin=end,我们所了解的final(adj.最终的,n.决赛),finish(v.结束),finite(adj.有限的)等词,都含着“结束”之意。这里的finale就是终曲,终场之意。又如下面一题:
TherewasyetanotherhighschoollistImade.OnedayIcameacrossanewspaperarticleaboutanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.Thearticlehadalistofthe"hundredmostimportantbooksofWesternCivilization.""Morethananythingelseinmylife,"theprofessortoldthereporterwithfinality,"thesebookshavemademeallthatIam."ThatwasthekindofwordsIcouldn’tignore(忽视).Ikeptthelistfortheseveralmonthsittookmetoreadallofthetitles.
Theunderlinedphrase"withfinality"probablymeans_____.
A.firmlyB.clearly
C.proudlyD.pleasantly
答案A。withfinality中的finality让人联想到“最终”,因此应当有坚定,果断等意,故选择firmly。
例三:ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1,500,agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.
Theunderlinedword"disposable"inthepassageprobablymeans_______.
A.acceptableB.valuable
C.throw-awayD.long-lasting
答案C。disposable=dis+pos+able,其中pos=place;put,dis=apart,able表示可能的,这就有了可任意处置、用完即丢的含义。