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08年高考英语复习:运用上下文构词法猜词

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  南开中学 段胜利

  2.用构词法猜词重要的是记好词干意义

  在运用上下文猜测词义的同时,还可以“拆分词汇”,通过构词法的线索来有效猜词。

  我们知道,单词从构词法来说,可以有:前缀+词干+后缀,其中词干决定单词的基本词义,前缀可以在基本词义基础上衍生不同词义的单词,而后缀通常表明词性。在猜词中,我们可以利用这方面的知识,对生词加以识别。这其中,最关键的是要多记词干的意义。

  例一:Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.

  Theunderlinedword"detour"intheparagraphmeans.

  A.adrivethroughthetown

  B.araceacrossthefields

  C.aroundaboutwayoftravelling

  D.ajourneyinthemountainarea

  答案C。tour=turn,tour漫游;旅行等;这里前缀de=dis=away,说明偏离原道,因此转义绕道,改道,绕道而行。

  例二:Towardstheevening,therecomesthegrandfinaleoftheopeningday,anextremelyexcitinghorserace.

  Theunderlinedword"finale"intheparagraphmostprobablymeansthe________oftheopeningday.

  A.firstpartB.middle

  C.lastpartD.whole

  答案C。fin=end,我们所了解的final(adj.最终的,n.决赛),finish(v.结束),finite(adj.有限的)等词,都含着“结束”之意。这里的finale就是终曲,终场之意。又如下面一题:

TherewasyetanotherhighschoollistImade.OnedayIcameacrossanewspaperarticleaboutanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.Thearticlehadalistofthe"hundredmostimportantbooksofWesternCivilization.""Morethananythingelseinmylife,"theprofessortoldthereporterwithfinality,"thesebookshavemademeallthatIam."ThatwasthekindofwordsIcouldn’tignore(忽视).Ikeptthelistfortheseveralmonthsittookmetoreadallofthetitles.

  Theunderlinedphrase"withfinality"probablymeans_____.

  A.firmlyB.clearly

  C.proudlyD.pleasantly

  答案A。withfinality中的finality让人联想到“最终”,因此应当有坚定,果断等意,故选择firmly。

  例三:ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1,500,agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.

  Theunderlinedword"disposable"inthepassageprobablymeans_______.

  A.acceptableB.valuable

  C.throw-awayD.long-lasting

  答案C。disposable=dis+pos+able,其中pos=place;put,dis=apart,able表示可能的,这就有了可任意处置、用完即丢的含义。