专家谈应对上海高考英语新变化

　　去年英语高考词汇上的新变化，明显对语言应用能力提出了更高要求，必须多加注意——

　　去年高考英语， 词汇的应用发生了变化， 原本的单项选择， 改为根据语篇，在所给的词中选择适当的词， 这样的变化， 显然对语言应用能力提出了更高要求。

　　虽然我们现在已淡化了语法，不过，没有扎实的语法基础和足够的词汇量，就不可能正确使用语言。如果说语言的学习像建造高楼大厦，那么，词汇就相当于砖瓦，语法则如同水泥，只有合理地结合或组合，才能建造出美丽坚固的高楼大厦。

　　就现阶段而言，应该重视单词的背诵和词汇的记忆——尽管这是一件非常枯燥的事。高考词汇手册要天天背，同时要把高中阶段的语法完整地复习一遍，因为高一、高二所学的内容，随着时间的推移可能有遗忘，现在需要巩固、提高。

　　当你有了语法和词汇基本的知识，接下来则是如何具体练习，下面从高考试卷中的语法选择题进行简要分析

　　1、语法选择题(Choices: Grammar)

　　在语法的学习中，比较重要的一部分是非谓语，它在高考中占的比率较大，其次是复句。语法的学习还要排除干扰项对语言运用的影响。

　　(1)非谓语的学习要考虑时态和语态；——即：主动、被动；完成、进行;

　　a. The book is said to have been translated (translate) into several languages。(完成，被动)

　　b. Being watched (watch) by a large audience, she felt nervous。(被动，进行)

　　c. Being exposed (expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin。(动名词的被动语态)

　　d. He came in, his head hidden (hide) in his collar。(过去分词)

　　(2)名词性从句和定语从句的学习要弄清关系代词的关系，关系副词的功能和作用;

　　a. The reason which Mr. Smith explained to his manager for his delay in typing was that he was ill。(which-关系代词作宾语)；(that-关系代词，引导同位语从句)

　　b. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what we thought was a dangerous speed。(what-关系代词，介词宾语)

　　c. If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (where——关系副词，表地点)

　　(3)干扰项的存在和句型结构的变化引起的语法错误; 该部分很重要，请观察下列句子。

　　1. On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window ______(see) what happened outside the room。

　　a. to seeing　b. to see

　　c. seeing　d. saw(干扰项为through the window)

　　2. The day he was looking forward to ____ (come) at last.

　　(干扰项为he was looking forward to　定语从句)

　　a. come b. coming c. came

　　d. comes

　　3. Time should be made good use of __ (learn) our lesson well。

　　a. learning b. to learning

　　c. to be learning　d. to learn (句型发生变化——主动变为被动)

　　4. Space exploration has been made ____ with the development of modern science。

　　a. possible b. it possible c. it was d. that being possible(结构变化，宾语提前　space exploration)

　　5. The scientists and technicians overcame a lot of difficulties ____ the personal computer。

　　a. having developing b. they had developing c. they had developed d. which has to develop'(干扰项为they had，定语从句)

　　交大附中 高级教师 韩立新