高考英语复习短文改错答题技巧
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01动词错误
动词在考试中占有很大比重。常见的错误类型有:① 时态错用;② 主谓不一致;③ 句中有多个动词时,缺少非谓语动词;④ 缺少谓语动词,尤其是缺少系动词be;⑤ 主动、被动语态错用;⑥ 某些词后要求接动名词或不定式;⑦ 介词后没用动词-ing。
真题示例
1. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ
2. They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. 2018 全国卷 Ⅱ
02形容词、副词错误
常见错误类型有:① 形容词和副词的错用;② 比较级,最高级的错用或修辞语的错用;③ 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的错用。
真题示例
1. I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ
2. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. 2019 全国卷 Ⅱ
03连词错误
常见错误类型有:① 并列连词and / or / but等错用;② 从属连词错用,特别是状语从句中的连词。
真题示例 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ
真题示例where → when
04代词错误
常见错误类型有:①人称代词、物主代词和反身代词与其所指代的人或物不一致;② 定语从句中关系代词的错用;③ 不定代词的错用;④ 多代词或少代词。
真题示例 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them. 2019 全国卷 III
真题示例yourselves → themselves
05名词错误
常见错误类型有:① 可数名词的单复数错用;② 可数名词与不可数名词错用。
真题示例
1. Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. 2019 全国卷 Ⅱ
2. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 2018 全国卷 Ⅰ
真题示例1. job → jobs 2. chicken → chickens
06冠词错误
常见错误类型有:
① a、an和the的错用;② 多冠词或少冠词。
真题示例 Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 2019 全国卷 Ⅲ
真题示例an → a
07介词错误
常见错误类型有:① 介词错用;② 多介词或少介词。
真题示例 A few minutes later, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 2017 全国卷 Ⅰ
真题示例on → of
08固定结构错误
真题示例 From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ
真题示例now → then
09数词错误
常见错误类型是:基数词和序数词的错用。
真题示例 Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher. 2019 全国卷 Ⅱ
真题示例five → fifth
10词性变换
词性变换考查比较少。常见错误类型有:① 以-ce结尾的名词,变成以-t结尾的形容词,比如:different → difference;② 单词后+y,发生词性变换,比如:taste→tasty, honest→ honesty。
真题示例 I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 2017 全国卷 Ⅲ
真题示例difference → different
英语短文改错题型的复习方法
一、考生必须熟悉设错方式:多词、少词、错词。
(1)多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
(2)少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
(3)错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
二、考生平时应加强基本功训练,用一个错题本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下,以便考前复习。
短文改错答题步骤
1、对全文的宏观把握
同学应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,这样能对短文有个宏观把握,对上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把明显的、拿的准的题先做完,这样可以缩小包围圈,也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
2、从语法角度审查
01 查看时态是否一致。
例如:My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.
全文都是用的一般现在时,此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符,应改为am。
02 查看主谓是否一致。
例如:Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
cost应改为costs,因其主语是it(为形式主语),且上下文均为一般现在时。
03 查指代是否一致。
例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人,因此指示代词his应改为their。
04 查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
例如:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为drive。
05 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
例如:We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese...
quite a few 只能修饰复数名词,故subject应改为subjects。
06 查行文逻辑是否一致。
例如:Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
根据行文逻辑,这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句,而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
3、十大常见错误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的,观察近几年的高考试题以及同学们平常的各种考试,可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误:
01) 形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等,以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
02) 名词的单复数误用。
如在several,many,various,different,a few,one of等之后,常用名词的复数,在every与each之后常用单数。
03) 代词的误用。
如you与your,it’s与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
04) 介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in 与on,to与for,instead与instead of,because与because of等的误用。
05) 时态的错误。
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,要上前下挂,看看上下文的时态是否一致。
06) 连词的误用。
如or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。
07) 第三人称单数后的动词形式。
08) 一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that,too...to被误用very...to,as...as被误作so...as等。
09) 定语从句中关系词的误用。
10) 一些常用词的误用。
如what与how,except与besides,any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something,anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
4、验证答案
改完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
平时的努力方向
要多读多背,增强语感
同学们在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养,英语学习的根本任务是学习语言,而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成,就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
语言是学出来的,所以要学好语言,一定要多读多背,尤其是背,它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。
读得多,背得多了,语感自然就会增强,语感好了,做起短文改错来就会得心应手,因为文章中有错误的地方,读起来往往是不通的。
总之,学习外语是要下功夫的,要提高短文改错能力也一样在平常的学习中首先要多读多背,增强语感,然后多加训练,在多练的前提下,要勤思考,多总结,这样才能提高学习效率。
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