高考英语基础知识点
高考英语基础知识点
pleasant, pleasing, pleased
(1) pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语，而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。
I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.
我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。
(2) pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表示接受对象的情感，传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事物。
An actor should have a pleasing personality.
表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。
(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与glad基本相同。作表语时，句子的主语只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的词语。be pleased with 表示“对……表示满 意”之意。
She had a pleased look on his face.
她脸上露出了满意的表情。
高考英语必考知识点
主谓一致
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。(最基本的)
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with ，along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。
5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数
10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。(这个就是就近原则)
12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。
高考英语知识点
用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+that从句
It is a fact that … 事实是……
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+that从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句
It seems that… 似乎……
It happened that… 碰巧……
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not..
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
高考英语知识点归纳
(1)—How about coming to my house?
—I’d love to if it doesn’t give you so much trouble.
在hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等词后作宾语的不定式常省略。再如：
You may go if you want to.
She can get a job if she hopes to.
—How about going hunting with me tomorrow?
—I’d like to, but I have no time.
(2)Don’t close the window until I ask you to.
在allow, ask, tell 等词后作宾语补足语的不定式常省略。再如：
Don’t touch the light unless your mother allows you to.
Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to.
(3)He didn’t want to hand in his composition, but he had to.
在be able to, be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。再如：
I don’t sing much, now, but I used to a lot.
If you don’t want to say anything at the meeting, you don’t need to.
She didn’t go out last night, because she was afraid to.
在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词后作状语的不定式常省略。再如：—Will you go with me to see the film tonight?
—I’ll be glad to
高考英语知识点总结
一、就近一致原则
1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意义一致原则
1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况
(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、语法一致原则
1.由and连接的两个名词作主语
(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.