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scared和afraid区别

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具体含义不同,scared强调由外部原因引起的害怕或恐惧,afraid强调的是自身感觉。scared在语意上表达的恐惧程度最轻,afraid在用法上偏向于被一个造成长期恐惧的事物所影响;用法不同scared通常与系动词连用,构成系表结构,afraid则通常搭配短语使用。

afraid的用法

1. be afraid of sth (sb) 害怕某事(某人)。如:

Are you afraid of dogs? 你害狗吗?

There’s nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可害怕的。

比较:

He is afraid of her. 他怕她。

He is afraid with her. 跟她在一起时,他很害怕。

2. be afraid of doing sth

(1) 担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如:

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。

I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。

注:be afraid of doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时,其后也可用 be afraid that 替换。如:

He was afraid of losing face. =He was afraid (that) he’d lose face. 他怕失面子。

(2) 害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如:

I’m afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。

He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。

3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如:

He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。

He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。

注:以上两类句型的异同之处:表示担心会发生某事或某情况,只能用 be afraid of doing sth,而表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事等,则两者都可用。如:

Don’t be afraid to ask [of asking] question. 不要害怕问问题。

He is afraid to go out [of going out] alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。

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