定语从句,高考英语语法专练

　　Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

　　1．(2015·天津，15改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __where__his employees enjoy their work.

　　解析：本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。

　　2．(2015·陕西，15改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time __when__he should be able to be independent.

　　解析：分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。

　　3. (2015·安徽，28改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon __which__ school education depends.

　　解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。

　　4．(2015·湖南，29改编)It is a truly delightful place， __which__ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

　　解析：此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。

　　5．(2015·四川，3改编)The books on the desk，__whose__covers are shiny，are prizes for us.

　　解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。

　　6．(2015·重庆，14改编)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of __which__ were published in the 1990s.

　　解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。

　　7．(2016·江西南昌高三联考)Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，__which__calls for our great concern.

　　解析：句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个需要我们极大的关注的现象。从句子结构分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一个非限制性定语从句，对前面句子进行补充说明。

　　8．(2015·江苏，21改编)The number of smokers，__as__is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

　　解析：此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。

　　9．Some passers－by witnessed the car accident __where__ five passengers were killed， a baby included.

　　解析：句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。

　　10．“Spit－take” refers to an act __where__ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.

　　解析：句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。

　　11．Cultural shock is a feeling __which/that__most travelers experience in a foreign country __where__ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.

　　解析：句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which/that引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。

　　12．Tibet is such a place __as__ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.

　　解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。

　　13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock， __where__ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.

　　解析：句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。

　　14．In 2014， such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China __as__ almost each person could benefit from in life.

　　解析：句意为：在2014年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。

　　15．We expect you to become someone of __whom__ we'll feel very proud in the future.

　　解析：句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。

　　16．The movie Pompeii came out this February， __which__ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.

　　解析：句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。

　　17．Anyone __who__ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.

　　解析：句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。

　　18．Then he waved his hand in the direction from __which__ the woman had called.

　　解析：句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。

　　19．Will you think of those individuals__who/that__ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life？

　　解析：句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。

　　20．On an autumn afternoon， we were sent to a farm __where__ we learnt to plant potatoes.

　　解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。

　　Ⅱ. 语法填空

　　在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　There was a time __1. when__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2. why__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club， __3. where__ I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately， my guide __4. whose__ teacher was Li Yang， communicated with me face to face， from __5. whom__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner， and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6. that/which__ we did. My father and the guide __7. who/that__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English， into __8. which__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep， I will recall my passages， through __9. which__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10. As__ our English teacher says， “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance， we will conquer English sooner or later.”

　　Ⅲ. 单句改错

　　1．Jim passed the driving test， it surprised everybody in the office.

　　答案与解析：it→which　由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。it无连接作用，不引导定语从句。

　　2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.

　　答案与解析：that→as或在lift后加it　把该句看成so...that...结构，可以在lift后加it，把that引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句，此时，先行词stone前有such，所以定语从句的引导词用as，as在从句中充当lift的宾语。故也可以把that改为as。

　　3．Which is mentioned above， our school still calls for many good teachers.

　　答案与解析：Which→As　as和which引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正像……”时，就用as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用which。总之，位置记住，意思分清。

　　4．Have you noticed that small house， its roof is red？

　　答案与解析：its→whose　由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用whose代替its，its无连接作用，不引导定语从句。

　　5．Tomb－Sweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals， in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.

　　答案与解析：in→on　“介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on Tomb－Sweeping Day在清明节。

　　6．Believe it or not， I don't like the way which he spoke to me.

　　答案与解析：which→that/删去which/which前加in　先行词是way，定语从句中缺状语时，定语从句引导词可以是that/in which或者不加关系词。

　　7．(2016·桂林中学月考)Henry Royce did not like his car， that ran badly and often broke down.

　　答案与解析：that→which　逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词car，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

　　8．Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix？

　　答案与解析：where→which/that　situation后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。

　　9．She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.

　　答案与解析：whom→who/that　girl后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that。whom是宾格，只能作宾语。

　　10．(2016·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.

　　答案与解析：what→which/that或删去what　dishes后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，故用which/that或删去what。what不引导定语从句。