高中外研版必修五Module5重点单词、短语、句型、语法

必修五Module3 必修五Module4

1. athletics [æθ'letiks] n. 田径运动

2. rugby ['rʌɡbi] n. 橄榄球

3. bat [bæt] n. 球拍；球棒

4. club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部

5. net [net] n. 网

6. pitch [pitʃ] n.（足球、橄榄球等）球场

7. ring [riŋ] n. 拳击台

8. stadium ['steidiəm] n. 体育场；运动场

9. track [træk] n. 跑道

10. tracksuit ['træksju:t] n. 运动服

11. trainer ['treinə] n. 运动鞋；教练员

12. retire [ri'taiə] vi. 退休

13. perform [pə'fɔ:m] vi. 表现

14. retirement [ri'taiəmənt] n. 退休

15. background ['bækɡraund] n. 背景

16. brand [brænd] n. 商标；牌子

17. sportswear ['spɔ:tswεə] n. 运动服装；休闲服装

18. logo ['lɔɡəu] n. （公司或组织的）标识；标志

19. advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ] n. 优势；长处

20. guarantee [ˌɡærən'ti:] vt. 保证

21. purchase ['pə:tʃəs] vt. 购买

22. designer [di'zainə] n. 设计师

23. gymnast ['dʒimnæst] n. 体操运动员

24. slogan ['sləuɡən] n. 标语

25. specific [spi'sifik] adj. 具体的；特定的

26. symbol ['simbəl] n. 符号

27. marathon ['mærəθɔn] n. 马拉松

28. score [skɔ:] vi. & vt. 得分

29. ministry ['ministri] n. （政府的）部

30. final ['fainl] n. 决赛

31. champion ['tʃæmpiən] n. 冠军

32. quality ['kwɔləti] n. 特性；品德；品性

33. ultimate ['ʌltimət] adj. 最后的

34. victory ['viktəri] n. 胜利

35. dramatically [drə'mætikəli] adv. 戏剧性地

36. protest [prəu'test] vi. 抗议

37. declare [di'klεə] vt. 宣布

38. borough ['bʌrə] n. （自治）区

39. competitor [kəm'petitə] n. 竞争者；对手

40. tough [tʌf] adj. 费力的；棘手的；困难的

短语

1.retire from 从……退休/退役

2.perform one’s promise 履行承诺

3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术

4.have an advantage over 比……有优势

5.have an advantage in 在……方面占优势

6.take advantage of 利用

7.to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利

8.have the advantage of 有……的优势

9.give sb. a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺

10.under guarantee 在保修期内

11.on the increase 正在增加

12.together with 加之，连用；和，与

13.increase by 增加了(表示增加的比率)

14.increase(from…) to (从……)增长到……(表示增加后的结果)

15.by chance 偶然地，意外地，碰巧

16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险

17.protest against/about/at 反对，抗议

18.declare sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是……，断言……为……

19.declare war on/against sb. 对……宣战

20.declare against 表示反对……

21.declare for 表示赞同

22.declare that. . . 声明，郑重地说

23.So what? (非正式)那又怎样呢? 结果怎样?

24.rise to one’s feet 站起身

25.That’s not the point那不是关键；没有说到点子上

26.to the point 很得要领的；中肯的

27.off the point 离题的

28.There’s no point in. . . 干……没有用；干……没有意义

句型

1. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.

但正是这种失败感使他下定决心要在他的新生活中取得成功。

2. Take advantage of class time, or you will miss most of what the teacher says.

利用好课堂上的时间，要不然你会错过老师讲的内容。

3. Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job.

她的教学经历使她比起其他求职者具有更大的优势。

4. Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？

你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？

5. Mary scored the highest marks on the exam.

玛丽在考试中得了最高分。

6. At present，the number of young people who smoke is on the increase.

目前吸烟的年轻人的数量正在增加。

7. He rose to his feet to thank all the listeners.

他站起来感谢所有的听众。

8. I hope that they’ll arrive on time, but the chances are that they will be late as usual.

我希望他们能够按时赶到, 但很有可能他们会像往常一样迟到。

语法

重点知识：

win

win vt. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名词。

beat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手。

advantage

⑴ have an advantage over sb./sth. 比某人/某物有优势

⑵take advantage of 利用机会、某人的处境、弱点等

⑶to one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利

chance

(the) chances are (that) …./ The chance is that ….. (It is likely / probable / possible that…)

很可能……

There is no chance that …. 不可能……

There is a chance that …/of … 有可能……

seize /grasp a chance 抓住机会

take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气

by chance /by accident 碰巧

倍数

(1)倍数表达法： 倍数+ as .... as...

This room is four times as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的四倍大。

The road is twice as long as that one. 这条路是那条路的两倍长。

(2)倍数的其他结构：

倍数 + adj./adv. 的比较级+ than...

倍数+ the + 名词(size,length, height,width...)+ of ...

This room is twice bigger than mine.

这个房间是我房间的两倍大。

= This room is twice the size of mine.

状语从句

⑴时间状语从句

其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly had…when, scarcely had …when, no sooner had … than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等。

⑵条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless (if not) , on condition that , as long as。

注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：

Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. )

但当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如：

Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. (= If you don’t start at once, you’ll miss the train.)

⑶让步状语从句

①引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)

②whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句。如：

He didn’t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.

= He didn’t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.

I’ll give the books to whoever needs them.

as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首(though也可以)。如：

Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.

Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it.

Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

⑷ 原因状语从句

①引导原因状语从句的连词有because, since, as, now that

because: 语气最强，回答why时用because，如：

Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.

since: “既然……”，表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。如：

Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.

as: “由于……”， 语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。如：

As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.

for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。如：

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

⑸比较状语从句

①比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级： as …as … not so / as …as ；比较级: 比较级+ than … ；最高级：最高级+in / of / among …

②no more than 和 not more than

His education added up to no more than one year.

They finished the project in not more than one year.

③两者中“较……的一个”，用the + 比较级。

The younger of the twin sisters is more considerable.