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英语常用句型结构大全 高考英语独立主格结构

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英语常用句型结构大全 高考英语独立主格结构

一年一度的高考即将到来,作为三大主科之一的英语,在考试中所作占的分数比例很大,但是英语也是许多考生的薄弱科目。那么想学好英语的得到高分最起码要掌握英语最基本的常用句型语法等,下面有途网小编就给大家分享一下英语独立主格结构,希望大家打好基础得高分。

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;

名词(代词)+形容词;

名词(代词)+副词;

名词(代词)+不定式;

名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。

3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

考试结束了,我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home.

工作完成后,我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。

表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:

当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

( hand前不能加his)。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

典型例题:

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting

答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.

这是我最不愿做的一件事情。

【析】“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”,译为“最不愿意;最不可能”。

He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。

He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。

She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。

2.One can't be too honest.

人越老实越好。

【析】句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成hardly,never或scarcely;too可以换成 over或enough等,意思不变。

You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。

A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。

3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.

无论多么聪明的人,也难免犯错误。

【析】“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法,意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。真正的句子意思与字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的让步意味,切不可望文生义、译成强调句型。

It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。(引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转。)

It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。(引申意义为:金无足赤,人无完人。)

4?I'm too anxious to know the result.

我极想知道结果。

【析】英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too small to see.但是,如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度(常见的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配,这时too含有肯定意义,表示“very,extremely”的意思。

They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。

Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。

5.It's three years since he was a teacher.

他不当教师已经三年了。

【析】在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分。”这一结构中,如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词,那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。

It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。

如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,时间就要从该动作的结束算起。

It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。

6.All that glitters is not gold.

闪光的东西不一定都是金子。

【析】在句中当不定代词all,both,every及 every的复合词,副词always,often,entirely与 not一起使用时,表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”,“不是每个人都”等。

I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得。

Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。

I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。

注意:当all,both,every等词和带im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时,表示全部否定的意义。

All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。

表示全部否定时,我们常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等词。

None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。

7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.

山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)

【析】含有原因状语从句的主从复合句,形式上虽然否定主句的谓语,然而意义上则是否定该原因状语,译为“并不因为……而……”。

You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开。

Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信它。

8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.

我假装没懂他说的话。

【析】常用动词pretend,happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其后的不定式,其意义不变。

I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。

They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候,他们假装没有看见我。

9?Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.

让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。

【析】nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容词实质上起副词作用,修饰后边的形容词,表示强调。

I am good and ready.我都准备好了。

It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。

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