高考英语复习:高考英语单选陷阱题:知识死角型
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所谓知识死角,即指某些知识点,同学们平时没有引起足够重视,或一知半解,或“一窍不通”,从而导致做题出错。当然,若这些知识点都是些很偏、很怪、很不重要的知识点也没关系,但问题是,有些这样的知识点不仅是一些常用词的常见用法,而且还是各类考试的常考点,所以同学们就很有必要把这些问题弄清楚、搞明白。下面我们举几个例子来看一看:
1.许多同学对whether与if的区别都有所了解,如:引导主语从句且放在句首时,通常要用whether;引导表语从句时,通常要用whether;引导宾语从句且放在句首时,通常要用whether;引导让步状语从句时,通常要用whether;与or连用分别引导两个从句时,通常要用whether;用于不定式之前时,通常要用whether;用于介词之后时,通常要
用whether;直接与or not连用时,通常要用whether等等。同学们同时也知道,在引导宾语从句(且不置于句首)时,两者常可互换。但是,同学们可能忽略了一点,即在某些动词后(如discuss等)引导宾语从句时,通常要用whether,而不用if。?
2. I like English very much.是一句极为简单的英语,它无疑是正确的,也是地道的;另外,我们也可以说I don't like English very much.或Do you like English very much?等。但是,我们却不能说I like English much,尽管我们可以说I don't like English much或Do you like English much。你知道这是为什么吗??
3.一般认为,疑问词总是放在句首的,但是否也可以放在句中呢?当然像I don't know what to do这样把what放在句中无疑是对的,但是可以说Who said what to whom?这样的句子吗??
本节搜集了部分典型的同学们容易出错的“死角”知识题,详解于后。
1.你知道as和while的这一点区别吗?
“I'm going to the post office.” “_____ you're there, can you get me some stamps?”?
A. As B. While? C. Because D. If??
此题从句意看,A和B均可以填,因为它们均可用来引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,于是一些同学便随便从A、B中选择一项。结果是:选A者错误,选B者正确。为什么呢?因为as和while在引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”时,有一定的区别:as所引导的从句谓语通常应是那些表示动作或发展意义的动词,不能是be (是,在), have (有),like (喜欢),belong (属于)等表示状态或静态意义的动词;而while则无此限制。所以此题的最佳答案是B而不是A。请再看例句,答案均选while,不选as:?
(1) _____ you are at home alone, please don't leave the door open.?
A. While B. As C. Before D. How?
(2) _____ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.?
A. While B. As C. After D. How
不过顺便说一句,以上关于as的用法限制是针对它引导时间状语从句时而言的,它若引导原因状语从句,则无此限制。如:As he is young, we can't be too hard on him.于他还年轻,所以我们不能对他太苛刻。
2.这样的省略你见过吗?
The building must be saved, _____ the cost.?
A. what B. which? C. whatever D. Whichever
??此题正确答案为C,但许多同学对此感到无从下手。此题有两个难点:一是whatever的用法问题,二是此句的the cost后省略了动词is。whatever有两个用法,一是用以引导名词性从句,二是引导让步状语从句(此时也可换成no matter what)。如:?
Whatever he says seems reasonable.他无论说什么似乎都是有道理的。(引导名词性从句)?
Whatever he says, it seems reasonable.他无论说什么似乎都是有道理的。(引导让步状语从句,此句也可说成No matter what he says, it seems reasonable.)?
当whatever在从句中作表语时,其后的动词通常可以省略。如:?
Whatever his problems, he has no right to behave like that.不管他有什么问题,他也没有权利那样做。?
Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.不管你怎么说,我的决定都不会变。
3.可说where is what吗?
“Where is it?” “Where is _____? I don't know what do you mean?”
A. what B. that? C. where D. so
此题应选A。许多同学认为“疑问词”只能出现在句首位置,对于选A认为不可理解。其实在某些特殊语境中,疑问词出现在句中甚至句末却是完全可能的,但这多半是因为有特殊的语境或使用的句式比较特殊。上面一题选what的原因是:上句问Where is it?(它在什么地),但听话人对此句中代词it指代什么东西并不清楚,所以他反问:Where is what?(什么在什么地方?)其实,这类用法在口语中经常使用。如:?
Who said what to whom?谁对谁说了什么??
“Who took it?” “Who took what?”“谁把它拿走了?”“谁把什么拿走了?”?
It was so dark I couldn't tell who was who.当时一片漆黑,我分不清哪个是哪个。?
“We are ready. Let's begin.” “Ready for what?”“我们准备好了,开始吧。”“准备干什么?”?
“What are you going to do next fall?” “Next what?”“下一个秋季你打算要干什么?”“你说下一个什么?”?
They look exactly the same, and I really don't know which is which.它们看起来一模一样,我实在分不清哪个是哪个。
4.discuss if还是discuss whether?
At the meeting, we discussed _____ we should employ more workers.?
A. if B. whether? C. that D.不填??
许多同学认为,if和whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”时,两者可互换,所以认为A和B似乎都可选。其实,答案只能选B,因为,在某些动词后习惯上要用whether来引导宾语从句,这类动词最典型的就是discuss(讨论),又如:?
They discussed whether they should leave at once.他们讨论了是否应该马上离开。?
We discussed whether the house should be sold.我们讨论了这房子是否应卖掉。?
另外,动词justify(提供充分的理由,证明……是对的)后有时也接whether从句,此时也不能用if代之,因为此时的whether并非是一个间接的疑问句。如:?
You have to justify whether your journey is really necessary.你得证明你的旅行是否是真的有必要。
5.在肯定句中通常不说like sth much?
The boy likes football _____, but doesn't like basketball_____.?
A. much, much B. much, very much? C. very much, much D. very much, very
许多同学只是认为very much比much语气强,除此之外,其用法是完全一样的。如果这样想,那就错了。按英语习惯,副词much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,不能用于肯定句中(除非其前有very, too, so之类的修饰语)。如:?
正:He doesn't like her much.(单个的much用于否定句,故对)?
正:He doesn't much like her.(单个的much用于否定句,故对)?
正:Does he like her much?(单个的much用于疑问句,故对)?
正:Does he much like her?(单个的much用于疑问句,故对)?
正:He likes her very[too, so]much.(much前有修饰语,故对)?
误:He likes her much./He much likes her.(单个的much用于肯定句,且其前无修饰语,故错)?
综合以上分析,上题最佳答案应为C。单个的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词。但这类动词只限于regret, admire, prefer, appreciate等个别动词,且只能放在句中,不可放在句末。如:?
正:We much appreciate your invitation.我们非常感激你的邀请。?
误:We appreciate your invitation much. (若改用very much则完全可以)