2012高考备战：高考英语单项选择题答题技巧

一、命题原则

突出语境，强化语意，强调运用

二、单项选择题命题特点

覆盖面广，重点突出

突出在语境中运用知识的考查

淡化语法结构，重视能力

三、英语单项选择解题技巧

（一）分析句子结构

1.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.

A. in B. up of C. from D. of

有些试题的考本来十分简单, 但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make…是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use..显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是D。

（二）找准关键词语

2.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.

A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly

此题的关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any，于是排除A。.因此，正确答案D(hardly=almost not)。

（三）补全省略成分

3.---What do you think made Mary so upset?

--- ______her new bike.

A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。

（四）适当转换句式

4.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important meeting?

---Tom.

A. have attend B. have attended

C. having attend D. have to attend

有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形，have sb do sth.所以选A。

（五）注意标点符号

5.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go

标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句。

（六）删除干扰部分

6.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.

A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever

就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如I think/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案B。

（七）利用对称结构

7.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?

---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known

就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。

又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin.

A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

（八）检查有无谓语

8.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上， translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是谓语，这时就 选连词which。

（九）熟记固定搭配

9.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily ，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。

（十）消除思维定势

10.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer.

A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making

有些试题的题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成以后，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目的，所以用动词不定式，选C。

（十一）查看有无连词

11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B， which引导一个非限制性定语从句。

（十二）正确把握语境

12. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing

有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好象多个答案都可以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。

（十三）识别相似句型

13. ______is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

14.______is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

15. _____ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。13题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。14题选A，it是形式主语， that引导主语从句；15题在that前加个is，则应选D， what引导的是主语从句， that引导的是表语从句。

四、方法归纳

分析法：分析句子结构或语言习惯，使句子“合法”。

排除法：排除句子中某些附加成分， 使其简单直接。

补全法：补全省略部分，连接思维序列中的断点。

推断法：根据上下文依据，判断空格所依据的信息。

还原法：通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意。